Excuse me?! I think you must have meant to qualify that with a time-frame. There is no general-purpose programming language that can not accomplish the same things as any other given no time constraint.

“So even though frameworks and languages are two different things, the first reflect the latter.”

I completely disagree. The author of the framework limits themselves based on their reliance on the language. I think maybe you should relax your definition of framework. Code generation need not be limited to the target language. In other words, Ruby, XML, ... whatever you want can generate a Java framework source if you desire. In other words, a java framework can be presented to a developer as anything the author choses as long as the result is java source or bytecode.

The thing this discussion ignores is that scripted languages are simply easier to work with in this respect but have historically been poor at runtime performance and development scalability. I think modern scripting languages are changing this thanks in part to processor speed and study of development practices.

hings that are possible in Ruby are just not possible in Java – and certainly not in PHP. My PHP on Rails can attest to that!

I don’t mean that you can’t program the exact same thing. Of course you can. But the beauty and ease of it are going to be different. I think Ruby is more object oriented than Java and Java certainly more object oriented than PHP. I believe that Ruby gives me more opportunities to program smart than fx Java. So what I’m saying is that the difference in possibilities with the language reflect on the frameworks built for that language. I think that RoR are so much smoother and well-thought-out (partly because Ruby allowed this to happen) than the Java and PHP frameworks I’ve come across.

But maybe this will change… I’m looking forward for the day that somebody develops a framework for Java that kicks as much ass as RoR does.

In Ruby you can make code that is much more succint than ever possible in PHP or Java. This also applies to code based on frameworks made in those languages.